It should be restated that the mechanism of downvotes at present can, in certain cases, have a negative impact on the overall quality of the site. Specifically on Philosophy SE, where there are lesser numbers of users, some of the concerns with edit notification may not apply. Also Philosophy SE, and possibly other SE's, there is a slightly different flavor to questions and answers. Philosophy has a nascent element of debate which can be partially catered for by empowering downvoters to review edits, while allowing PSE to keep to the general question - answer paradigm.
Enabling edit notification for downvotes will greatly improve content on Philosophy SE
So I propose that, if not for SE as a whole, then at least give individual communities the option to enable edit notification.
Also if anonymity is a concern: When a downvote is cast enable an option to comment anonymously to that content.
see also: Should downvotes have explanations?