Update: Thanks to comment from @Servy, received link to this help page from the Privileges section which answers the question except for question of detail (e.g. off-topic sub-reasons) and, if detail not present, rationale. Thanks to help from @Mat, confirmed that off-topic detail is not provided. So, only thing missing at this point is design rationale for not providing the off-topic detail.
I've found Display close votes for all users which, title notwithstanding, seems to indicate by virtue of the comments and status completed tag that votes were made visible for the OP only at some point, but doesn't provide specifics.
Closevoting in progress should be visible to newcomers remains open, however.
I've seen other questions (which I can't find now) which indicate the presence of something like close (2/5)
, but it's not clear whether you can click through to see the vote reasons or any other information.
I couldn't find any information on this in the formal "help" section.
While I'll take whatever information I can get, if the specific close reasons are not made available to the op, I'd be interested in understanding the rationale why (e.g. keeping it simple, etc.). (NOTICE: In this question, I am not proposing or requesting that the specific close reasons be made available. Really. I'm just trying to understand design rationale.)
I apologize if this information is already available somewhere. I spent about twenty minutes trying to research this.