Answers are only "soft-deleted", meaning they exist but are hidden from regular users.
Users with over 10k reputation, moderators, or SE employees can view Deleted questions and answers. In addition, you can view your own deleted answers if you can view the question, although this isn't the case since the question itself is deleted.
Moderators and SE employees can find deleted questions from your profile, but 10k users need to have a link to the question to see it.
Since you provided a link to the deleted question, I can find it and copy it here :)
They're optional, makes no difference to how the code runs.
Debate as to preference rages on
There currently isn't any way for a user to get a list of their deleted items (other than asking a SE employee), however if you have the "Show Removed Posts" checked in your reputation page, you can probably find some of them.