Posting comments, like posting questions, should be seen as a consumable resource that can in fact be depleted. We should be encouraging users to post questions or answers, not comments.
Some Background
There has been a lot of meta discussion lately regarding moderating comments. For example, the +1/-1 debates, the reworking of comment flags. Issues with comment flags are not a new thing.
A year prior to posting this, in 2014, a similar idea was proposed to implement a selective comment ban. The similar proposal included a moderation tool which when manually applied would limit the user to not posting comments on other's answers, 1 comment per question, and only 3 comments allowed on each of their own post. It also included an automated metric to limit users @replies at a certain point and cut off comment use once the chat migration was offered.
Issues with previous suggestions
Previous suggestions were good, and I very much agree with their underlying theme, but there are several flaws with them. I don't think sending angry users to chat is a good idea, it is a little too instant if tempers are flared. It doesn't go far enough to prevent comment posting and it is possible limited users would barely even notice. It still requires a lot of manual handling.
We should focus more on content
Any clarification for a post can be edited into the post. That is where the information is supposed to reside in anyway. I see no reason to force post-significant information into comments as opposed to adding that information directly to the post.
Deleted comments can only be seen by moderators, and apparently they can be pretty toxic according to some of the moderators who see them often. So toxic in fact that there is even doubt 30k users should have access to them.
There should be more of a penalty for creating this kind of toxic content.
Any removal of a comment by flag other than "It's no longer needed. This comment is outdated, conversational or not relevant to this post." should come with immediate consequences towards posting comments.
There used to be a system which would give an error on posting a comment. "Please wait n seconds". Each deleted comment which had an associated flag (other than no longer needed) should come with a 5 minute delay that lasts for 30 days and stacks. So if a user has had 7 comments removed due to flags (other than no longer needed) in the past 30 days, they must wait 35 minutes in between posting comments.
A total of deleted comments should be compared with using some of the metrics the anti-recidivism considers for questions.
Sometimes users may foresee their comment being removed by a flag and delete it themselves. This may not be an issue for small amounts, but large amounts should be captured. If a user is removing 2 comments or more per day, that is a lot of clutter. For every deleted comment (regardless of how it was deleted) over 60 in the past 30 days they must wait 5 minutes in between posting comments. So if a user has 70 deleted comments in the past month, they must wait 50 minutes in between posting comments.
In today's environment, this is needed so much more than it was in 2015. While the original posting of this feature request foresaw the rise in problematic material, there is no longer any time to delay. Wild comment chains are now prolific and causing issues to the stability of the exchange as a whole.