You need 150 reputation to vote in a moderator election, which is noted in the sidebar and in the footer of the election page.
If you have less than 150 rep and visit an election page, you still see the vote buttons (1st choice, 2nd choice, 3rd choice) and you can click at them, at which point you get a little warning that you can‘t vote.
Proposal: deactivate (gray out) the vote buttons if you have less than 150 rep.
Having voted several times on several sites, I no longer read these, didn’t have the rep limit in mind, read the introductions of all candidates, wanted to vote and only then noticed that I’m not allowed to.