I have encountered this issue twice today; once could be a glitch, twice is ... ?
The second case concerns the poster of https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/42423/what-type-of-bicycle-do-i-need-for-euro-trip-throughout-countries
At the time of posting this question, the relevant part of the question page looks like:
It show the user has one bronze badge.
When I visited the user's profile, it showed
I generally use this information to write my welcome message for new members; if they have not visited the tour page then I like to suggest that they do.
Edit
@Glorfindel suggested that it may be due to caching.
I don't think that can be the case. At least not at my end. I had never opened that page before. When writing this post, I left that page open. After asking Firefox to refresh it, it now shows the user has the editor badge.
The key evidence, I think, is the screen shot that shows "Badges (1)" and then show no badges.