Sorta...
As Arulkumar notes, it's possible to explicitly filter by tags. But even if you don't do that, the system will try to pick a task based on your preferences - preferring to assign tasks that are associated with your favorite tags and avoiding those in your ignored tags.
Now, this isn't always possible; it doesn't look at every task in the queue, preferring to assign posts from among the thousand most recently added tasks - so the utility for very large queues (Close...) is limited. And it doesn't happen for all review queues - Triage straight-up ignores tag preferences (and also doesn't let you filter by tags). Also, wildcard support is still marked as "TODO", so if your tag preferences depend on wildcards you're not gonna see an effect. Finally, if all of the available tasks have your ignored tags or none of them have your favorite tags, the routine just gives up and you get whatever is there.
But for a queue that often has between a few dozen and a few hundred tasks in it, then yes: the system will attempt to play match-maker and put you in front of posts that you have some hope of knowing something about.