The reputation is a measure of how useful you've been by answering or by asking questions as a sum.
But there are many caveats, answering general questions that have a large audience will yield you more rep than answering niche questions, therefore reputation is not an indication of how broad your knowledge is.
Answering highly technical or technology specific questions will yield you less reputation, therefore reputation can't measure how deep or advanced your knowledge is.
Also there are reputation caps to consider.
Therefore reputation is simply a crude measure of activity on the site combined with how much the community appreciates your answers.
Also my definition simply is: "a number that people like to watch how it grows".