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https://ru.stackoverflow.com/help/badges/80/caucus
Visit an election during any phase of an active election and have enough reputation to cast a vote. This badge can be awarded multiple times.
But this member received badge for previous elections too. Even though obviously they weren't active at that time.
Probably, if the member open old election page while new one is active, he receives the badge. Not sure if it is an intended behavior.
Since this has sat for more than a year without an answer I'll answer this question.
Erroneous appearing badges can result from: Merges, Script faults (counting twice when a change is made in the same minute), all cases not being handled, etc.
Some examples:
MSE - Some one-time only badges have been awarded multiple times
Multiple 'one-off' badges awarded to one user
MSE - Analytical badge awarded recently
Merged-to account gets all the badges (usually, see below)
MSO - Why are people getting Documentation Pioneer badge in December 2016?
Badge awarded after it was discontinued
MSE - account merge gone bad
Flags (and the corresponding badges) are lost from the merged account
In the case of your question, it was noticed that the badges are the result of a merger.
