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The tag appearing in the title of a webpage in the browser is the first one that appears below the question.

For example, in this question, the first tag appearing below the question is real-analysis; which is also the tag appearing in the title.

The "first tag" is not up to the user's discretion, but it is determined automatically by popularity.

I think that that should not be the case, but the first tag should be in discretion of the user. For example, in the question linked above, I think the tag measure-theory is more relevant (because if someone knows real analysis they are quite likely to not be able to answer that question, but if they know measure theory they will almost certainly be able to answer it) (I may be wrong, but that's not the point); so it should be the first tag and the tag in title. But that is not possible.

Why is that? Is there special evidence that the popularity metric works; or it is just as-is from the beginning and no one wants to change that?

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"... the first tag should be in discretion of the user.".

It is, you are free to remove any tag (except red tags), and a minimum of one tag is necessary, here at MSE there are mandatory tags which must be included first, but they can be chosen by the author too.

The writer of the question initially decides on the title, afterwards tags are automatically suggested and added tags are ordered by popularity. Where there are mandatory tags they are first, but those are still chosen by the editor.

The algorithm behind chosing tags automatically requires over 20K questions in order to provide good results.

There is required to be a sufficient number of questions and for their to be a match before a tag is suggested.

The best tag may not always be suggested but the author (and subsequent editors) are free to remove incorrect tags and manually replace them with better choices.

"... I think the tag measure-theory is more relevant ... so it should be the first tag and the tag in title. But that is not possible.

The asker of the question and subsequent editors decide on the title and tags, persons with enough reputation can create new tags

Why is that? Is there special evidence that the popularity metric works; or it is just as-is from the beginning and no one wants to change that?

The algorithm needs enough example questions to provide the best results, it's not so much a "popularity metric" as it is a requirement to have sufficient examples.

See also:

A site needs to have enough questions to have a sufficient number of eligible tags. On the Math.SE site, with the 2nd most number of questions, 1,538,785 / 20K = 77 tags, there's an approximately 1/4000 chance of having an eligible tag; assuming that on average you chose a popular tag.

The ordering of tags and requests to be able to set the order has been thoroughly discussed on Stack Overflow's meta:

With a 1 in 4000 chance of the tag being eligible on the second place site the usefulness of changing this question to a feature request (as has been suggested by two people) remains in doubt and leaves this question mainly applicable to only one site.

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    Your answer seems to assume that if somebody doesn't want a tag to be first then this means that the tag is irrelevant for the question and should be removed altogether. However, looking at the current question for example (ignoring the discussion tag for now), both tags and title are relevant but tags is arguably more important for the question and should therefore be "first". If title was removed to make that happen then useful information would be lost.
    – Marijn
    Nov 6, 2022 at 8:47
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    I'm not sure I understand your comment. I don't have a new question, I commented on your answer to whosit's question. Their question was "I want to choose the first tag" and your answer, as I read it, was "you can, just remove all other tags and the remaining one will be first". While technically true, I don't think that is a good solution, because it would be better if there was a way (which currently is not possible) to choose the order and keep all relevant tags.
    – Marijn
    Nov 6, 2022 at 10:34
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    I know the tags are chosen by the OP or later editors, but they didn't choose the order of the tags as they appear below the question and in question lists. So here the user selected discussion tags title, but maybe they preferred to show them as tags discussion title or discussion title tags. This meta question (and my comments above) is about the order, not the choice of the tags as such.
    – Marijn
    Nov 6, 2022 at 18:49
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    I am not asking something different - I am not asking anything at all, I am just trying to clarify the OP. They asked, as you quoted, "the first tag should be in discretion of the user". This means "choose the order of tags". Your answer is mainly about tags being suggested by the system automatically, but this is not what OPs question is about.
    – Marijn
    Nov 7, 2022 at 7:00

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