many long-time users are so quick to downvote
How are you quantifying "long-time user"? (As I noted in a comment, your Meta.SE account is over four years old.) How are you quantifying "so quick to downvote"? How long, for example, do you think a user should have to deliberate for before deciding whether to downvote a question or not? With all due respect, you have no way of knowing how many downvotes on a question were cast by "long-time users", or how "quick" those users may have been to hit the downvote button.
Why can't Meta SE be more inviting to new members and give real solutions to improve a question, rather then a quick downvote with no explanation?
Downvotes work differently on Meta sites. Here, they can simply be used to express disagreement with the premise of a question, rather than to signal that the question needs improvement. The downvotes to this question, for example, likely indicate disagreement with your assertions that users here are "too quick" to downvote questions, or that "most new users" are driven away by downvotes.
Why not let other novice Meta users have a chance to answer before downvoting a question out of existence?
Downvoting a question doesn't prevent people from answering it. Questions do get hidden from the Home tab if they reach a certain score threshold, but a) they're still visible in the Questions tab, and b) that threshold is lower on Meta sites.
I won't deny that high-rep users probably post the majority of answers on Meta.SE, but that's because high-rep users tend to be a) more active here, and therefore more likely to see a particular question, and b) more knowledgeable about Stack Exchange's inner workings, and therefore more capable of answering questions about them (which is what Meta.SE is for).
the [horde of] down votes discourages most new users from ever returning
Again, with all due respect, I think it's too early to make that judgement call in those specific cases, given that those questions were all posted within the last four days. The OP of the first one responded to its answer only an hour ago, and only the OP of the last one has shown any signs of being discouraged as far as I can tell.
I'd also like to note that, even if those users never post to Meta.SE again, that may not necessarily mean they were "chased away" by the downvotes they received on those questions. They may simply have no further questions that need asking. It's not uncommon for users to post to a particular SE site, get the answer they were looking for, then never post there again, not because they don't want to, but because they don't need to.