This would likely depend upon why the question was close as some are closed because the question itself was inappropriate for the forum where as others are closed because of duplication and the like.
In the case of duplicates there is a pretty good chance that someone might come up with a well worded response that is relevant to the question before the duplicate is caught and closed. As such, it doesn't seem appropriate to penalize someone as there doesn't seem to be an expectation for users to determine if a question is a duplicate before answering it.
Also, as others have noted, you actually lose any reputation gained by deleted questions and as such, I don't see the need to penalize someone if the question is deemed worthy enough to keep even if it is closed.