Someone recently created ios as a synonym for iphone. I can understand why -- there are certainly a lot of questions tagged iphone that should really be tagged ios instead. But "iphone" as a concept is not the same as "ios". iOS is the operating system that runs on at least three types of devices, iPhone being just one of those devices. If there must be a synonym relationship between the two tags, ios should be the master and iphone the synonym (though I don't recommend that either).
There's value in distinguishing between the iPhone and iOS. It's not uncommon to create iOS-based applications that won't run on iPhone devices, and because iPhones have a particular set of capabilities there are software development issues related specifically to that device. Examples of such issues include accessing call history, placing telephone calls, and supporting the "Retina" display.
I note that there's an existing request to Break the [iphone-sdk] -> [iphone] synonym. It's surely the case that the distinction between ios and iphone is greater than that between iphone and iphone-sdk, at least as iphone is used on SO. A reasonable solution to both requests would be to break both synonyms and then make iphone-sdk a synonym of ios (with ios as the master).
See also Tags iPhone-sdk-{version} should not be renamed iOS-sdk-{version}? for a related question.