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Do people feel they are, or will be, safer and/or more welcome, for example?
I transitioned years ago. Nowadays I'm aware that people (on the internet or otherwise) who stir up trouble do it because of unfamiliarity. When most people meet me in real life, including (and sometimes especially) conservative types, they seem to just "get it" in their own way.
It's different for people on the internet, who don't meet transgender people in person: they might not "get it". Some treat transgender identities as some kind of game, not a human being's actual life. When someone misuses or mocks pronouns, it's a small reminder that I am considered inferior. Unfortunately, the recent situation has promoted much pronoun mocking, but hopefully it'll settle down. Like most websites: don't read the comments.
The diamond moderators may not be familiar with transgender people, so I don't know if they will "get it". If I report something, will they understand? Maybe, maybe not, but a lot of people in the past have not understood, and often make it worse. Having something concrete in the CoC indeed makes me feel more welcome.
Feeling safe is different to feeling welcome. I'm aware there are people on the internet who are willing to spend a considerable chunk of their lives lowering the quality of life of transgender people. They are reported as doing things like contact that person's employer, family members, doctors, etc., and provide them with carefully curated anti-transgender material. Maybe one day they will come after me. There are no rules that StackExchangeStack Exchange could concoct that could protect me from this. I never truly feel safe anywhere.
However, over time I have come to understand the real-life world is nicer than the internet makes it seem. When someone's newly transitioned, it's scarier, whereas nowadays I'm very much established as a woman. I use my real name as my username.
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Do the changes made seem adequate from trans users' point of view, at least as a first step?
The relevant part of the CoC seems okay in my view, it's succinct and doesn't draw attention to transgender people specifically. By this, I'm referring to:
Use stated pronouns (when known). When in doubt, don't use language that might offend or alienate.
It'd be nice to also be firmer against pronoun mocking, but one step at a time. I'm guessing pronoun mocking will become less popular when non-transgender users are willing to respond "you're not being clever; you're being a dick" (in today's vernacular). Perhaps currently it's considered "edgy" or "original" or something.
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It isn't clear what the status of the request that sensitivity training be made available is. Is that fact a source of consternation? Etc.
Sensitivity training may backfire, further polarizing users. I don't consider this a top priority: if it's going to be implemented, it needs to be done carefully. In the meantime, there seems to be transgender people on Meta.SE who are willing to chip in.
Perhaps starting a "gender and sexuality" StackExchangeStack Exchange site might help. (I asked about it on Area51Area 51 here.) However, Sexuality has failed in the past: not once, but twice. But these sites seemed more about having sex.