All sites that are not actual Q/A sites are not listed.
- SE Chat
- SE Data Explorer - Often referred to as SEDE
- SE Dev Test site
- SE OpenID
- A few redirector sites
- Ask Ubuntu (You can refer to AU with
[ubuntu.se]
as a quick shorthand link in comments) - MathOverflow
- Ask Ubuntu (You can refer to AU with
- Web Socket, the socket that powers the realtime page
Strictly speaking, Area 51 is not in the list, but it's easily known and accessible (it's in the top-left dropdown menu of all sites, though).
Other (sub)domains of Stack Overflow:
- SO Chat
- Stack Overflow Blog
- SO Blog Alternative, redirects to above
- Stack Overflow "Facebook" tag - Redirects to SO with a truckload of facebook tags)
- Stack Overflow Jobs - Redirects to SO Talent
- Stack Overflow Careers - Redirects to SO Talent
- Stack Overflow Talent - ↑↑↑
- RADS - Used to be a dedicated redirection site. Closed now (redirects to SO)
- SO Developer Console - Not a test site! Only used by staffs
- DevDays - This has been discontinued.
- SO Email Host
- SO Email Host Alt
Other primary domains that the Stack Exchange company owns:
- Stack Promos
- SO Business
- StackAuth (The server that enables cross-domain login so you don't have to login separately to SO, SU, SF, AU, etc.)
- Stack Snippets