Based on the user's reputation:
For less than (e.g.) 300 rep: display the current message.
Once the user has a certain amount of rep (e.g. over 300): When an upvote is clicked before the limit is met, turn the up arrow orange, but then immediately start fade it back to grey. The fade should take as long as the limit is set for, so once the button has turned fully grey again, the upvote mechanism should be available again.