No.
Badges are for demonstrating participation in the community. That means answering questions, commenting, voting, flagging. Asking is part of that, yes, but...
Finding that you have a problem that needs solving is not a choice you make. You should not be rewarded for it inherently. Sure, having the courage and humility to ask a decent question is the sign of a good "scientist", but...
In principle, I agree with what you're trying to get at. But, frankly, upvotes have been shown to be a poor indicator of what constitutes a "good" question: more often, they are simply a sign of popularity through simplicity or Skeet tweets… or, worse, a tag that traditionally attracts the LCDs.
In practice, all this would do is encourage people to ask yet more stupid, worthless questions and we have quite enough of that as it is.
Me, a cynic? Never… ;)
Update: I would probably support this proposal if the barrier to entry were, say, a score of 3. Not 1 though.