When a user was removed in web-view we can see an anonymous avatar picture in their posts, but in the mobile-view and android-app that avatar is missing.
It is simply showing their userid and it looks like something is missing.
It's my feature-request to add the anonymous avatar in the mobile-web and android-app
For sample I'm adding a removed user's post in the three different views:
Web-view:
Mobile-web view:
Stack Exchange Android app view: