4/16/21
For this answer over on rpg.se, I have met the requirements for the enlightened badge for more than 24 hours. The answer was accepted at 23:21 on 4/14, and it hit a score of 10 at 10:36 on 4/15 (this is easily verified by doing the counting at my reputation tab), and it is the only answer (no deleted answers).
I know "where's my enlightened badge" questions happen often and the answer is always "give it some time", but I have always gotten my enlightened badges in at most 3-4 hours after hitting the requirements, so 24 hours without the badge seems highly irregular.
Per this answer, I am posting this bug report:
Under extremely rare circumstances, it may be possible for the badge criteria to be faulty. To confirm if this is still the case, wait 24 hours for any scripts to run, then carefully read the exact criteria here and check to see if you still continue to meet them, before filing a bug.
4/21/21
It has happened again, causing me to question the hypothesis that we've just been unlucky, so I'll document it here. Maybe rpg.se is just really unlucky on the badge script.
This answer was marked accepted with a score of 12 at 17:18 on 4/19/2021, and the Enlightened badge for it was received at 01:25 on 4/21/21, approximately 32 hours after becoming eligible.
It was highly irregular the first time it happened, so it is exceedingly irregular for it to happen twice in a week.