That is indeed a bug when you star/unstar from the transcript.
The endpoint that gets called is
https://chat.meta.stackexchange.com/messages/3784733/star
to star a question and the same call is made when you unstar it. The toggle of the message being starred by you or not is handled server side.
In the transcript however when you the click option 'Unstar' the XHR request goes to:
https://chat.meta.stackexchange.com/messages/3784733/unstar
which gives an error:
Status Code:404 Not Found
As a workaround without having to navigate back in the room you can unstar that message by excecuting this javascript from the developer console while you are in that chat room and logged in:
$.post('http://chat.stackoverflow.com/messages/1299/star', {fkey: fkey().fkey });
When you first want to experiment with that trick make sure to enter one of the sandbox rooms to not disturb the room with things that can go wrong.