my question is basically, do anyone have some tips for when you have a huge problem that you just don't know how to chop into smaller questions, without removing context from the question?
Huge (more precisely, conceptual) kind questions may require more effort involved into making an accurate wording to survive.
Question wording should ideally "guide" the various answers coming from different perspectives, helping them converge into useful body of knowledge instead of diverging into garbage bits of unrelated advice.
You need something, some wording to effectively repel 1 low effort answers - in your case one example of garbage answer could be like "you'll never go wrong following KISS principle (keep it simple, stupid)".
You need wording helping to connect different answers into some larger picture that makes sense.
- Question wording would ideally allow reader to connect advice like "here are factors to consider as favorable for Composite", "this is what you take into account deciding whether to use Tree or not", "assess maturity of your design based on patterns density metric" - to build something bigger on it, instead of leaving it lay as an unsorted heap of minor ideas.
1 repel garbage answers - one sure can not 100% protect a question from getting garbage answers. But at least try to phrase the question so that you can come to Meta, say "Here's the question, here's the answer, I don't feel like the answer is OK" and have a good chance of garbage post being downvoted by active community members who happen to read your evaluation.
The last, but not the least, leverage an
iterative approach
Given above, there is always a risk that at first try you'll get your wording wrong. To remedy that, keep an eye on the activity around your question.
Study comments and answers and track whether these diverge into a chatty discussion of open-ended topics. If you notice signs of such an entropy, re-evaluate the wording of your question and try to figure how to make it target a more focused input.
As a radical measure, consider closing your question. Do this if you see that things go out of control faster than you can address it with preventive question edits. If I understand correctly, you can get that closure by flagging your question for moderator attention (consider checking at meta or in chat whether this is an appropriate approach).
Closing the question will give you time to thoroughly review and edit it. If it turned out that you really need that, this is an indication that you may have to invest a substantial effort into wording rework, like passing it through an Atwood's transform 2.
Asking in chat or at Meta for rework advice for a closed question wouldn't hurt either.
2 Atwood's transform - here is a recent example for the reference: