do I still have copyright of the text I entered? ... IE, can I put an answer I wrote on my blog without meeting any of the attribution requirements?
Yes and yes. All you did by publishing it under CC-Wiki was grant SE the non-exclusive, irrevocable right to publish the text under the license's terms. Meaning that legally, you can't take it back from SE. But you are still the owner and copyright holder of what you wrote.
You can re-publish the text under any terms you wish - you could even put it into a book and sell it. That republication will have no connection to Stack Overflow and the CC-Wiki license.
However, while the book will of course be protected and can't be freely copied, the text you published on SO remains freely usable under the terms of the CC-Wiki license.